Forming in ceramic industry

Ceramic raw materials have a high melting point compared to metals. for this reason, the melting and casting method which is the most common method of making glass and glass products and is also used in the manufacture of most metal artifacts, is less used in ceramics, because ceramic raw materials have different properties that affect Various methods have been used to shape their base.

For example, the ability to form a mixture of clay and water depends on its water content. with 50 percent water, a slurry will be ready which can fill a mold’s corners simply with needed pressure.

When we reduce the amount of slurry water until it turns into mud. The pressure required to form and transform the product increases, and to convert it into a wet powder, this pressure increases dramatically.

Range of water percentage in different methods of shaping ceramics

Shaping method

Mixed physical state Water percent on a wet basis

Slip casting

Slurry 25-50

usually 35

Plastic forming Plastic mud 18-22

usually 20

Plastic press Wet powder 8-12
Semi-dry press Wet powder 4-9
Dry press Dry powder 0-4

Tree diagram of shaping methods

In terms of the development of technology and the advancement of machine methods, different types of production methods have been created for different applications. In a simple division, the general methods of shaping ceramics can be seen as a diagram in the image.

Forming with hands
Pottery

slip casting

Pressure slip casting

jiggering, jollying and roller process

Extrusion

Injection Molding

Pressing